Wood Types

     Choosing the appropriate wood for carving can depend on many factors. Is the wood soft enough to cut easily with a chip-carving knife, or do you need a chisel and mallet? Will it have a natural finish that shows the grain, or will it be painted?
     Some carvers choose interestingly shaped sticks or logs. A freshly cut log can present problems since it is still filled with a great deal of moisture. If the log dries too quickly it may check (crack) badly. It is best to let the log air dry for an extended period of time until it reaches an acceptable level of moisture content to prevent unwanted cracking.
     The alternative is to purchase kiln-dried wood that has been cut into boards. If a large block is required, the boards can be milled with a planer and joiner to give flat surfaces that can be glued together. An advantage of gluing is that large, unusual shapes can be created, unlike the confining shape of a log.
     For carving small, hand-held craft objects, such as duck or shorebird decoys, characture figures, and chip carving (decorative designs on flat surfaces like the sides of jewelry boxes), basswood is an excellent choice. It is soft and easy to carve, the close grain holds small carved detail, there are few knots or blemishes, and it is stable when dry. However, basswood's softness makes it difficult to apply a stain evenly an carved surfaces or attain a glossy finish. Most basswood carvings are painted.
     For sculpture with a natural wood finish, walnut, mahogany, cherry, or butternut provide rich color with an attractive grain pattern. Butternut is very soft and the easiest to carve with hand tools. Walnut, mahogany, and cherry are rich in color, moderately difficult to carve because of the dense grain, and they take finished well. Gouges and a mallet will be needed for these woods.

The Sculpture Studio does not sell wood. These prices are from a local hardwood supplier in Buffalo, NY. Prices vary greatly. These are included only to give an idea of the relative difference in price. (Board foot - 12"x12"x1")

Type	Sample	Characteristics	Ease of Carving	Grain	Price (per board foot)*
Basswood		Cream colored, easy to carve, excellent for whittling and painted sculpture	Easy	Fine	$3.85 thickness 8/4"
Butternut		Light brown, distinct grain pattern, good for natural-finished sculpture, soft (dents easily), very easy to carve, quickly dulls tools	Easy	Course	$5.20 thickness 4/4"
Cherry		Reddish brown, wavy grain can be difficult to carve, excellent for natural-finish sculpture	Hard	Fine	$6.30 thickness 8/4"
Mahogany		Dark reddish brown, excellent choice for natural finish sculpture	Medium	Medium	$6.90 thickness 8/4"
Maple (Sugar)		Creamy, very hard (difficult to carve), finishes well	Very hard	Fine	$5.95 thickness 8/4"
Oak (White)		Light yellowish brown, very hard when kiln dried (difficult to carve), finishes well	Very hard	Course	$4.75 thickness 8/4"
Pine (Sugar, White)		Aromatic, cream colored, soft, good for whittling, the prominent growth rings may be difficult to cut through	Easy	Medium	$1.95
Walnut (Black)		Dark brown, excellent for natural-finish sculpture, finishes well	Hard	Medium	$6.55 thickness 8/4"